# tensorplay.signal.windows API

Source: https://www.tensorplay.cn/docs/api/tensorplay.signal.windows.html

## Functions 11

[#](#api-tensorplay.signal.windows.bartlett)

### bartlett

function[Full reference ↗](/docs/generated/tensorplay.signal.windows.bartlett.html)

```python
tensorplay.signal.windows.bartlett(M: int, *, sym: bool = True, dtype: dtype | None = None, layout: Layout = tensorplay.strided, device: device | None = None, requires_grad: bool = False) → Tensor
```

Computes the Bartlett window.

The samples form a triangle:

$$\begin{split}w_n = 1 - \left| \frac{2n}{M - 1} - 1 \right| = \begin{cases}
    \frac{2n}{M - 1} & \text{if } 0 \leq n \leq \frac{M - 1}{2} \\
    2 - \frac{2n}{M - 1} & \text{if } \frac{M - 1}{2} < n < M \\ \end{cases}\end{split}$$

The window is scaled so that its largest value is 1. The value 1 itself does not occur when M is even and sym is True.

Parameters:

M ([int](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#int)) – number of points of the returned window.

Keyword Arguments:

- sym ([bool](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#bool), optional) – if False, returns a periodic window, which is the usual choice for spectral analysis. If True, returns a symmetric window, which is the usual choice for filter design. Default: True.

- dtype ([tensorplay.dtype](/docs/generated/tensorplay.DType.html#tensorplay.DType), optional) – the desired data type of the returned tensor. Default: if None, uses the global default (see [tensorplay.set_default_dtype()](/docs/generated/tensorplay.set_default_dtype.html#tensorplay.set_default_dtype)).

- layout ([tensorplay.Layout](/docs/generated/tensorplay.Layout.html#tensorplay.Layout), optional) – the desired layout of the returned tensor. Default: tensorplay.strided.

- device ([tensorplay.device](/docs/generated/tensorplay.Device.html#tensorplay.Device), optional) – the desired device of the returned tensor. Default: if None, uses the current default tensor device (see [tensorplay.set_default_device()](/docs/generated/tensorplay.set_default_device.html#tensorplay.set_default_device)).

- requires_grad ([bool](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#bool), optional) – whether autograd should record operations on the returned tensor. Default: False.

Examples:

```
>>> # Symmetric Bartlett window.
>>> tensorplay.signal.windows.bartlett(10)
tensor([0., 0.2222, 0.4444, 0.6667, 0.8889, 0.8889, 0.6667, 0.4444, 0.2222, 0.])

>>> # Periodic Bartlett window.
>>> tensorplay.signal.windows.bartlett(10, sym=False)
tensor([0., 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1., 0.8, 0.6, 0.4, 0.2])
```

[#](#api-tensorplay.signal.windows.blackman)

### blackman

function[Full reference ↗](/docs/generated/tensorplay.signal.windows.blackman.html)

```python
tensorplay.signal.windows.blackman(M: int, *, sym: bool = True, dtype: dtype | None = None, layout: Layout = tensorplay.strided, device: device | None = None, requires_grad: bool = False) &#x2192; Tensor
```

Computes the Blackman window.

The samples are

$$w_n = 0.42 - 0.5 \cos \left( \frac{2 \pi n}{M - 1} \right) + 0.08 \cos \left( \frac{4 \pi n}{M - 1} \right)$$

The window is scaled so that its largest value is 1. The value 1 itself does not occur when M is even and sym is True.

Parameters:

M ([int](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#int)) – number of points of the returned window.

Keyword Arguments:

- sym ([bool](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#bool), optional) – if False, returns a periodic window, which is the usual choice for spectral analysis. If True, returns a symmetric window, which is the usual choice for filter design. Default: True.

- dtype ([tensorplay.dtype](/docs/generated/tensorplay.DType.html#tensorplay.DType), optional) – the desired data type of the returned tensor. Default: if None, uses the global default (see [tensorplay.set_default_dtype()](/docs/generated/tensorplay.set_default_dtype.html#tensorplay.set_default_dtype)).

- layout ([tensorplay.Layout](/docs/generated/tensorplay.Layout.html#tensorplay.Layout), optional) – the desired layout of the returned tensor. Default: tensorplay.strided.

- device ([tensorplay.device](/docs/generated/tensorplay.Device.html#tensorplay.Device), optional) – the desired device of the returned tensor. Default: if None, uses the current default tensor device (see [tensorplay.set_default_device()](/docs/generated/tensorplay.set_default_device.html#tensorplay.set_default_device)).

- requires_grad ([bool](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#bool), optional) – whether autograd should record operations on the returned tensor. Default: False.

Examples:

```
>>> # Symmetric Blackman window.
>>> tensorplay.signal.windows.blackman(5)
tensor([-0., 0.34, 1., 0.34, -0.])

>>> # Periodic Blackman window.
>>> tensorplay.signal.windows.blackman(5, sym=False)
tensor([-0., 0.2008, 0.8492, 0.8492, 0.2008])
```

[#](#api-tensorplay.signal.windows.cosine)

### cosine

function[Full reference ↗](/docs/generated/tensorplay.signal.windows.cosine.html)

```python
tensorplay.signal.windows.cosine(M: int, *, sym: bool = True, dtype: dtype | None = None, layout: Layout = tensorplay.strided, device: device | None = None, requires_grad: bool = False) &#x2192; Tensor
```

Computes a window with a simple cosine waveform, also known as the sine
window.

The samples follow

$$w_n = \sin\left(\frac{\pi (n + 0.5)}{M}\right)$$

The 0.5 in the numerator shifts the sample positions by half a step, so the
window starts and ends at non-zero values (for a symmetric window the first
and last samples equal sin(pi / (2M))).

The window is scaled so that its largest value is 1. The value 1 itself does not occur when M is even and sym is True.

Parameters:

M ([int](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#int)) – number of points of the returned window.

Keyword Arguments:

- sym ([bool](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#bool), optional) – if False, returns a periodic window, which is the usual choice for spectral analysis. If True, returns a symmetric window, which is the usual choice for filter design. Default: True.

- dtype ([tensorplay.dtype](/docs/generated/tensorplay.DType.html#tensorplay.DType), optional) – the desired data type of the returned tensor. Default: if None, uses the global default (see [tensorplay.set_default_dtype()](/docs/generated/tensorplay.set_default_dtype.html#tensorplay.set_default_dtype)).

- layout ([tensorplay.Layout](/docs/generated/tensorplay.Layout.html#tensorplay.Layout), optional) – the desired layout of the returned tensor. Default: tensorplay.strided.

- device ([tensorplay.device](/docs/generated/tensorplay.Device.html#tensorplay.Device), optional) – the desired device of the returned tensor. Default: if None, uses the current default tensor device (see [tensorplay.set_default_device()](/docs/generated/tensorplay.set_default_device.html#tensorplay.set_default_device)).

- requires_grad ([bool](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#bool), optional) – whether autograd should record operations on the returned tensor. Default: False.

Examples:

```
>>> # Symmetric cosine window.
>>> tensorplay.signal.windows.cosine(10)
tensor([0.1564, 0.454, 0.7071, 0.891, 0.9877, 0.9877, 0.891, 0.7071, 0.454, 0.1564])

>>> # Periodic cosine window.
>>> tensorplay.signal.windows.cosine(10, sym=False)
tensor([0.1423, 0.4154, 0.6549, 0.8413, 0.9595, 1., 0.9595, 0.8413, 0.6549, 0.4154])
```

[#](#api-tensorplay.signal.windows.exponential)

### exponential

function[Full reference ↗](/docs/generated/tensorplay.signal.windows.exponential.html)

```python
tensorplay.signal.windows.exponential(M: int, *, center: float | None = None, tau: float = 1.0, sym: bool = True, dtype: dtype | None = None, layout: Layout = tensorplay.strided, device: device | None = None, requires_grad: bool = False) &#x2192; Tensor
```

Computes a window with an exponentially decaying waveform,
also known as the Poisson window.

The samples decay exponentially with the distance from the window center:

$$w_n = \exp{\left(-\frac{|n - c|}{\tau}\right)}$$

where c is the center of the window.

The window is scaled so that its largest value is 1. The value 1 itself does not occur when M is even and sym is True.

Parameters:

M ([int](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#int)) – number of points of the returned window.

Keyword Arguments:

- center ([float](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#float), optional) – location of the window center. Default: M / 2 if sym is False, else (M - 1) / 2.

- tau ([float](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#float), optional) – decay parameter, conceptually a percentage in (0, 100]. With tau = 100 the window degenerates to a constant. Default: 1.0.

- sym ([bool](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#bool), optional) – if False, returns a periodic window, which is the usual choice for spectral analysis. If True, returns a symmetric window, which is the usual choice for filter design. Default: True.

- dtype ([tensorplay.dtype](/docs/generated/tensorplay.DType.html#tensorplay.DType), optional) – the desired data type of the returned tensor. Default: if None, uses the global default (see [tensorplay.set_default_dtype()](/docs/generated/tensorplay.set_default_dtype.html#tensorplay.set_default_dtype)).

- layout ([tensorplay.Layout](/docs/generated/tensorplay.Layout.html#tensorplay.Layout), optional) – the desired layout of the returned tensor. Default: tensorplay.strided.

- device ([tensorplay.device](/docs/generated/tensorplay.Device.html#tensorplay.Device), optional) – the desired device of the returned tensor. Default: if None, uses the current default tensor device (see [tensorplay.set_default_device()](/docs/generated/tensorplay.set_default_device.html#tensorplay.set_default_device)).

- requires_grad ([bool](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#bool), optional) – whether autograd should record operations on the returned tensor. Default: False.

Examples:

```
>>> # Symmetric exponential window of length 10 with decay 1.0.
>>> # The center is (M - 1) / 2 with M = 10.
>>> tensorplay.signal.windows.exponential(10)
tensor([0.0111, 0.0302, 0.0821, 0.2231, 0.6065, 0.6065, 0.2231, 0.0821, 0.0302, 0.0111])

>>> # Periodic exponential window of length 10 with decay 0.5.
>>> tensorplay.signal.windows.exponential(10, sym=False, tau=0.5)
tensor([0., 0.0003, 0.0025, 0.0183, 0.1353, 1., 0.1353, 0.0183, 0.0025, 0.0003])
```

[#](#api-tensorplay.signal.windows.gaussian)

### gaussian

function[Full reference ↗](/docs/generated/tensorplay.signal.windows.gaussian.html)

```python
tensorplay.signal.windows.gaussian(M: int, *, std: float = 1.0, sym: bool = True, dtype: dtype | None = None, layout: Layout = tensorplay.strided, device: device | None = None, requires_grad: bool = False) &#x2192; Tensor
```

Computes a window with a Gaussian waveform.

The samples follow a Gaussian bump centered in the window:

$$w_n = \exp{\left(-\left(\frac{n}{2\sigma}\right)^2\right)}$$

The window is scaled so that its largest value is 1. The value 1 itself does not occur when M is even and sym is True.

Parameters:

M ([int](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#int)) – number of points of the returned window.

Keyword Arguments:

- std ([float](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#float), optional) – standard deviation of the Gaussian; it controls how narrow or wide the window is. Default: 1.0.

- sym ([bool](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#bool), optional) – if False, returns a periodic window, which is the usual choice for spectral analysis. If True, returns a symmetric window, which is the usual choice for filter design. Default: True.

- dtype ([tensorplay.dtype](/docs/generated/tensorplay.DType.html#tensorplay.DType), optional) – the desired data type of the returned tensor. Default: if None, uses the global default (see [tensorplay.set_default_dtype()](/docs/generated/tensorplay.set_default_dtype.html#tensorplay.set_default_dtype)).

- layout ([tensorplay.Layout](/docs/generated/tensorplay.Layout.html#tensorplay.Layout), optional) – the desired layout of the returned tensor. Default: tensorplay.strided.

- device ([tensorplay.device](/docs/generated/tensorplay.Device.html#tensorplay.Device), optional) – the desired device of the returned tensor. Default: if None, uses the current default tensor device (see [tensorplay.set_default_device()](/docs/generated/tensorplay.set_default_device.html#tensorplay.set_default_device)).

- requires_grad ([bool](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#bool), optional) – whether autograd should record operations on the returned tensor. Default: False.

Examples:

```
>>> # Symmetric Gaussian window of length 10 with std 1.0.
>>> tensorplay.signal.windows.gaussian(10)
tensor([0., 0.0022, 0.0439, 0.3247, 0.8825, 0.8825, 0.3247, 0.0439, 0.0022, 0.])

>>> # Periodic Gaussian window of length 10 with std 0.9.
>>> tensorplay.signal.windows.gaussian(10, sym=False, std=0.9)
tensor([0., 0.0001, 0.0039, 0.0847, 0.5394, 1., 0.5394, 0.0847, 0.0039, 0.0001])
```

[#](#api-tensorplay.signal.windows.general_cosine)

### general_cosine

function[Full reference ↗](/docs/generated/tensorplay.signal.windows.general_cosine.html)

```python
tensorplay.signal.windows.general_cosine(M, *, a: Iterable, sym: bool = True, dtype: dtype | None = None, layout: Layout = tensorplay.strided, device: device | None = None, requires_grad: bool = False) &#x2192; Tensor
```

Computes the general cosine window, a weighted sum of cosines whose
frequencies are integer multiples of the fundamental.

The samples are

$$w_n = \sum^{M-1}_{i=0} (-1)^i a_i \cos{ \left( \frac{2 \pi i n}{M - 1}\right)}$$

The window is scaled so that its largest value is 1. The value 1 itself does not occur when M is even and sym is True.

Parameters:

M ([int](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#int)) – number of points of the returned window.

Keyword Arguments:

- a (Iterable) – coefficient of each cosine term.

- sym ([bool](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#bool), optional) – if False, returns a periodic window, which is the usual choice for spectral analysis. If True, returns a symmetric window, which is the usual choice for filter design. Default: True.

- dtype ([tensorplay.dtype](/docs/generated/tensorplay.DType.html#tensorplay.DType), optional) – the desired data type of the returned tensor. Default: if None, uses the global default (see [tensorplay.set_default_dtype()](/docs/generated/tensorplay.set_default_dtype.html#tensorplay.set_default_dtype)).

- layout ([tensorplay.Layout](/docs/generated/tensorplay.Layout.html#tensorplay.Layout), optional) – the desired layout of the returned tensor. Default: tensorplay.strided.

- device ([tensorplay.device](/docs/generated/tensorplay.Device.html#tensorplay.Device), optional) – the desired device of the returned tensor. Default: if None, uses the current default tensor device (see [tensorplay.set_default_device()](/docs/generated/tensorplay.set_default_device.html#tensorplay.set_default_device)).

- requires_grad ([bool](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#bool), optional) – whether autograd should record operations on the returned tensor. Default: False.

Examples:

```
>>> # Symmetric general cosine window with 3 coefficients.
>>> tensorplay.signal.windows.general_cosine(10, a=[0.46, 0.23, 0.31], sym=True)
tensor([0.54, 0.3376, 0.1288, 0.42, 0.9136, 0.9136, 0.42, 0.1288, 0.3376, 0.54])

>>> # Periodic general cosine window with 2 coefficients.
>>> tensorplay.signal.windows.general_cosine(10, a=[0.5, 1 - 0.5], sym=False)
tensor([0., 0.0955, 0.3455, 0.6545, 0.9045, 1., 0.9045, 0.6545, 0.3455, 0.0955])
```

[#](#api-tensorplay.signal.windows.general_hamming)

### general_hamming

function[Full reference ↗](/docs/generated/tensorplay.signal.windows.general_hamming.html)

```python
tensorplay.signal.windows.general_hamming(M, *, alpha: float = 0.54, sym: bool = True, dtype: dtype | None = None, layout: Layout = tensorplay.strided, device: device | None = None, requires_grad: bool = False) &#x2192; Tensor
```

Computes the general Hamming window, the two-term member of the general
cosine family.

The samples are

$$w_n = \alpha - (1 - \alpha) \cos{ \left( \frac{2 \pi n}{M-1} \right)}$$

The window is scaled so that its largest value is 1. The value 1 itself does not occur when M is even and sym is True.

Parameters:

M ([int](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#int)) – number of points of the returned window.

Keyword Arguments:

- alpha ([float](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#float), optional) – the window coefficient. Default: 0.54.

- sym ([bool](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#bool), optional) – if False, returns a periodic window, which is the usual choice for spectral analysis. If True, returns a symmetric window, which is the usual choice for filter design. Default: True.

- dtype ([tensorplay.dtype](/docs/generated/tensorplay.DType.html#tensorplay.DType), optional) – the desired data type of the returned tensor. Default: if None, uses the global default (see [tensorplay.set_default_dtype()](/docs/generated/tensorplay.set_default_dtype.html#tensorplay.set_default_dtype)).

- layout ([tensorplay.Layout](/docs/generated/tensorplay.Layout.html#tensorplay.Layout), optional) – the desired layout of the returned tensor. Default: tensorplay.strided.

- device ([tensorplay.device](/docs/generated/tensorplay.Device.html#tensorplay.Device), optional) – the desired device of the returned tensor. Default: if None, uses the current default tensor device (see [tensorplay.set_default_device()](/docs/generated/tensorplay.set_default_device.html#tensorplay.set_default_device)).

- requires_grad ([bool](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#bool), optional) – whether autograd should record operations on the returned tensor. Default: False.

Examples:

```
>>> # Symmetric Hamming window via the general Hamming builder.
>>> tensorplay.signal.windows.general_hamming(10, sym=True)
tensor([0.08, 0.1876, 0.4601, 0.77, 0.9723, 0.9723, 0.77, 0.4601, 0.1876, 0.08])

>>> # Periodic Hann window via the general Hamming builder.
>>> tensorplay.signal.windows.general_hamming(10, alpha=0.5, sym=False)
tensor([0., 0.0955, 0.3455, 0.6545, 0.9045, 1., 0.9045, 0.6545, 0.3455, 0.0955])
```

[#](#api-tensorplay.signal.windows.hamming)

### hamming

function[Full reference ↗](/docs/generated/tensorplay.signal.windows.hamming.html)

```python
tensorplay.signal.windows.hamming(M: int, *, sym: bool = True, dtype: dtype | None = None, layout: Layout = tensorplay.strided, device: device | None = None, requires_grad: bool = False) &#x2192; Tensor
```

Computes the Hamming window.

The samples are

$$w_n = \alpha - \beta\ \cos \left( \frac{2 \pi n}{M - 1} \right)$$

with $\alpha = 0.54$ and $\beta = 0.46$.

The window is scaled so that its largest value is 1. The value 1 itself does not occur when M is even and sym is True.

Parameters:

M ([int](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#int)) – number of points of the returned window.

Keyword Arguments:

- sym ([bool](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#bool), optional) – if False, returns a periodic window, which is the usual choice for spectral analysis. If True, returns a symmetric window, which is the usual choice for filter design. Default: True.

- dtype ([tensorplay.dtype](/docs/generated/tensorplay.DType.html#tensorplay.DType), optional) – the desired data type of the returned tensor. Default: if None, uses the global default (see [tensorplay.set_default_dtype()](/docs/generated/tensorplay.set_default_dtype.html#tensorplay.set_default_dtype)).

- layout ([tensorplay.Layout](/docs/generated/tensorplay.Layout.html#tensorplay.Layout), optional) – the desired layout of the returned tensor. Default: tensorplay.strided.

- device ([tensorplay.device](/docs/generated/tensorplay.Device.html#tensorplay.Device), optional) – the desired device of the returned tensor. Default: if None, uses the current default tensor device (see [tensorplay.set_default_device()](/docs/generated/tensorplay.set_default_device.html#tensorplay.set_default_device)).

- requires_grad ([bool](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#bool), optional) – whether autograd should record operations on the returned tensor. Default: False.

Examples:

```
>>> # Symmetric Hamming window.
>>> tensorplay.signal.windows.hamming(10)
tensor([0.08, 0.1876, 0.4601, 0.77, 0.9723, 0.9723, 0.77, 0.4601, 0.1876, 0.08])

>>> # Periodic Hamming window.
>>> tensorplay.signal.windows.hamming(10, sym=False)
tensor([0.08, 0.1679, 0.3979, 0.6821, 0.9121, 1., 0.9121, 0.6821, 0.3979, 0.1679])
```

[#](#api-tensorplay.signal.windows.hann)

### hann

function[Full reference ↗](/docs/generated/tensorplay.signal.windows.hann.html)

```python
tensorplay.signal.windows.hann(M: int, *, sym: bool = True, dtype: dtype | None = None, layout: Layout = tensorplay.strided, device: device | None = None, requires_grad: bool = False) &#x2192; Tensor
```

Computes the Hann window.

The samples are

$$w_n = \frac{1}{2}\ \left[1 - \cos \left( \frac{2 \pi n}{M - 1} \right)\right] =
\sin^2 \left( \frac{\pi n}{M - 1} \right)$$

The window is scaled so that its largest value is 1. The value 1 itself does not occur when M is even and sym is True.

Parameters:

M ([int](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#int)) – number of points of the returned window.

Keyword Arguments:

- sym ([bool](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#bool), optional) – if False, returns a periodic window, which is the usual choice for spectral analysis. If True, returns a symmetric window, which is the usual choice for filter design. Default: True.

- dtype ([tensorplay.dtype](/docs/generated/tensorplay.DType.html#tensorplay.DType), optional) – the desired data type of the returned tensor. Default: if None, uses the global default (see [tensorplay.set_default_dtype()](/docs/generated/tensorplay.set_default_dtype.html#tensorplay.set_default_dtype)).

- layout ([tensorplay.Layout](/docs/generated/tensorplay.Layout.html#tensorplay.Layout), optional) – the desired layout of the returned tensor. Default: tensorplay.strided.

- device ([tensorplay.device](/docs/generated/tensorplay.Device.html#tensorplay.Device), optional) – the desired device of the returned tensor. Default: if None, uses the current default tensor device (see [tensorplay.set_default_device()](/docs/generated/tensorplay.set_default_device.html#tensorplay.set_default_device)).

- requires_grad ([bool](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#bool), optional) – whether autograd should record operations on the returned tensor. Default: False.

Examples:

```
>>> # Symmetric Hann window.
>>> tensorplay.signal.windows.hann(10)
tensor([0., 0.117, 0.4132, 0.75, 0.9698, 0.9698, 0.75, 0.4132, 0.117, 0.])

>>> # Periodic Hann window.
>>> tensorplay.signal.windows.hann(10, sym=False)
tensor([0., 0.0955, 0.3455, 0.6545, 0.9045, 1., 0.9045, 0.6545, 0.3455, 0.0955])
```

[#](#api-tensorplay.signal.windows.kaiser)

### kaiser

function[Full reference ↗](/docs/generated/tensorplay.signal.windows.kaiser.html)

```python
tensorplay.signal.windows.kaiser(M: int, *, beta: float = 12.0, sym: bool = True, dtype: dtype | None = None, layout: Layout = tensorplay.strided, device: device | None = None, requires_grad: bool = False) &#x2192; Tensor
```

Computes the Kaiser window.

The samples are

$$w_n = I_0 \left( \beta \sqrt{1 - \left( {\frac{n - N/2}{N/2}} \right) ^2 } \right) / I_0( \beta )$$

where $I_0$ is the modified Bessel function of the first kind of order
zero, evaluated with tensorplay.i0(), and $N = M - 1$ for a
symmetric window, otherwise $N = M$.

The window is scaled so that its largest value is 1. The value 1 itself does not occur when M is even and sym is True.

Parameters:

M ([int](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#int)) – number of points of the returned window.

Keyword Arguments:

- beta ([float](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#float), optional) – shape parameter of the window. Must be non-negative. Default: 12.0

- sym ([bool](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#bool), optional) – if False, returns a periodic window, which is the usual choice for spectral analysis. If True, returns a symmetric window, which is the usual choice for filter design. Default: True.

- dtype ([tensorplay.dtype](/docs/generated/tensorplay.DType.html#tensorplay.DType), optional) – the desired data type of the returned tensor. Default: if None, uses the global default (see [tensorplay.set_default_dtype()](/docs/generated/tensorplay.set_default_dtype.html#tensorplay.set_default_dtype)).

- layout ([tensorplay.Layout](/docs/generated/tensorplay.Layout.html#tensorplay.Layout), optional) – the desired layout of the returned tensor. Default: tensorplay.strided.

- device ([tensorplay.device](/docs/generated/tensorplay.Device.html#tensorplay.Device), optional) – the desired device of the returned tensor. Default: if None, uses the current default tensor device (see [tensorplay.set_default_device()](/docs/generated/tensorplay.set_default_device.html#tensorplay.set_default_device)).

- requires_grad ([bool](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#bool), optional) – whether autograd should record operations on the returned tensor. Default: False.

Examples:

```
>>> # Symmetric Kaiser window of length 5 with shape parameter 12.0.
>>> tensorplay.signal.windows.kaiser(5)
tensor([0.0001, 0.2157, 1., 0.2157, 0.0001])

>>> # Periodic Kaiser window of length 5 with shape parameter 0.9.
>>> tensorplay.signal.windows.kaiser(5, sym=False, beta=0.9)
tensor([0.8244, 0.9348, 0.9926, 0.9926, 0.9348])
```

[#](#api-tensorplay.signal.windows.nuttall)

### nuttall

function[Full reference ↗](/docs/generated/tensorplay.signal.windows.nuttall.html)

```python
tensorplay.signal.windows.nuttall(M: int, *, sym: bool = True, dtype: dtype | None = None, layout: Layout = tensorplay.strided, device: device | None = None, requires_grad: bool = False) &#x2192; Tensor
```

Computes the minimum 4-term Blackman-Harris window described by Nuttall.

The window is a general cosine sum with the Nuttall coefficients
$a_0 = 0.3635819$, $a_1 = 0.4891775$, $a_2 = 0.1365995$,
$a_3 = 0.0106411$:

$$w_n = a_0 - a_1 \cos{(z_n)} + a_2 \cos{(2z_n)} - a_3 \cos{(3z_n)}$$

where $z_n = \frac{2 \pi n}{M - 1}$ for a symmetric window and
$z_n = \frac{2 \pi n}{M}$ for a periodic one.

The window is scaled so that its largest value is 1. The value 1 itself does not occur when M is even and sym is True.

Parameters:

M ([int](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#int)) – number of points of the returned window.

Keyword Arguments:

- sym ([bool](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#bool), optional) – if False, returns a periodic window, which is the usual choice for spectral analysis. If True, returns a symmetric window, which is the usual choice for filter design. Default: True.

- dtype ([tensorplay.dtype](/docs/generated/tensorplay.DType.html#tensorplay.DType), optional) – the desired data type of the returned tensor. Default: if None, uses the global default (see [tensorplay.set_default_dtype()](/docs/generated/tensorplay.set_default_dtype.html#tensorplay.set_default_dtype)).

- layout ([tensorplay.Layout](/docs/generated/tensorplay.Layout.html#tensorplay.Layout), optional) – the desired layout of the returned tensor. Default: tensorplay.strided.

- device ([tensorplay.device](/docs/generated/tensorplay.Device.html#tensorplay.Device), optional) – the desired device of the returned tensor. Default: if None, uses the current default tensor device (see [tensorplay.set_default_device()](/docs/generated/tensorplay.set_default_device.html#tensorplay.set_default_device)).

- requires_grad ([bool](https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/functions.html#bool), optional) – whether autograd should record operations on the returned tensor. Default: False.

References:

```
- A. Nuttall, "Some windows with very good sidelobe behavior,"
  IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 84-91,
  Feb 1981. https://doi.org/10.1109/TASSP.1981.1163506

- Heinzel G. et al., "Spectrum and spectral density estimation by the Discrete Fourier transform (DFT),
  including a comprehensive list of window functions and some new flat-top windows",
  February 15, 2002 https://holometer.fnal.gov/GH_FFT.pdf
```

Examples:

```
>>> # Symmetric Nuttall window.
>>> tensorplay.signal.windows.nuttall(5)
tensor([0.0004, 0.227, 1., 0.227, 0.0004])

>>> # Periodic Nuttall window.
>>> tensorplay.signal.windows.nuttall(5, sym=False)
tensor([0.0004, 0.1105, 0.7983, 0.7983, 0.1105])
```